--- title: Cancer Immunotherapy - Growing focus on CD4+ T lymphocytes and MHC Class II Neoantigens description: It is now well accepted that CD8+ T cells play a central role in mediating anti-tumor immunity. image: https://blog.mblintl.com/hubfs/ClassIITet.jpg --- **Please Note:** MBL International will be shutting down its operations effective December 31, 2024. Distribution of MBL products in the United States will be transferred to Cosmo Bio US on January 1st while European Distributors will remain unchanged. For any US inquiries regarding orders or support during this transition, reach out to Cosmo Bio: [https://www.cosmobiousa.com/](https://www.cosmobiousa.com/). For Non-US inquiries reach out to MBL in Japan: [https://www.mblbio.com/](https://www.mblbio.com/). 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[Home](https://blog.mblintl.com/) - [Blogs](https://blog.mblintl.com) - Cancer Immunotherapy - Growing focus on CD4+ T lymphocytes and MHC Class II Neoantigens # Cancer Immunotherapy - Growing focus on CD4+ T lymphocytes and MHC Class II Neoantigens ### Topics - Select Topic - 3D Cell Culture Advancements in Metabolism Research Allergy Antibodies Antibody Antibody Reagents Antibody-Peptide Conjugates Apoptosis Assay and Kits Autoimmune Disease Autophagy BRIC Benefits of Tetramer Assays Biomarker Cancer Cell Biology Cell Culture Reagents Cell Stabilization Custom Peptide Synthesis Cytokine Dextramer Staining Drug Discovery ELISA Epigenetics Epitope Tag Exosome Exosomes FCM Fc blocker Flow Cytometry Flow Cytometry Antibodies Fluoppi Fluorescent Proteins Future of Tetramer Technology Gastric Inhibitory Peptide Gene Regulation Gene Therapy Green Fluorescent Protein IL-18 Immune Response Immunology Inflammation Isotype Control Kits and Assays LC3 Liquid Biopsy MHC MHC Alleles MHC Class II Tetramers MHC Peptides Contribute MHC Tetramer MHC Tetramer Protocol MHC tetramer advancements Metabolism Mitophagy NCP Neuroscience Neuroscience Reagents Organoid PCSK9 PCSK9 ELISA Kit Peptide Peptide Exchange Peptide Synthesis Methods Peptide Synthesis Service Peptide-Infused Skin Care Products Preservation Purify exosome Quality Control QuickSwitch Quickswitch™ Custom Tetramer Kits RBP RIP Chip RNA Recombinant Protein Production Recombinant Proteins Regulation RiboTrap S100 Proteins SARS-CoV-2 T-Cell Detection TCR Tetramers Tetramer Tetramer Analysis Tetramer Assay Tetramer Assay Protocol Tetramer Staining TransFix Vectors Western Reagents atg8 covid-19 gfp keima red kinases mitochondria cell death p62 pathways phosphorylation pro IL-18 reagents rfp t cell tuberculosis ultracentrifugation vaccine ### Top Posts ### Subscribe to our Blogs Published by [Anthony G Pietrantoni](https://blog.mblintl.com/author/anthony-g-pietrantoni) on Feb 11, 2020 1:00:00 PM ![](https://blog.mblintl.com/hubfs/ClassIITet.jpg) It is now well accepted that CD8+ T cells play a central role in mediating anti-tumor immunity by recognizing tumor-associated antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex class I by their expressed T cell receptor.  Majority of studies on cancer neoantigens have therefore focused on MHC class I restricted antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells.   However it is also becoming increasingly clear that CD8+ T cell binding neoantigens are not sufficient for mounting a powerful anti tumor response. The recent paper by Alspach et al. proved that spontaneous and immunotherapy-induced antitumor responses required presence of CD4+ in addition to CD8+ T cells (1). ![ClassIITet](https://blog.mblintl.com/hs-fs/hubfs/ClassIITet.jpg?width=588&name=ClassIITet.jpg) Multiple studies indicate that CD4+ T cells mediate antitumor effects through mechanisms that vary according to tumor environments whether they act as helper or cytotoxic cells but are ultimately dependent on MHC class II neoantigens.   In some instances CD4+ T cells were shown to acquire cytotoxicity activity in vivo in presence of a high level of IL-2 or when IL-2 sequestering T Reg cells were absent (2).  A recent investigation reported that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are particularly abundant among supercentenarians and reached 25% of T cells on average, suggesting they are essential to protect against infections and cancers, contributing to achieve an extended disease-free life expectancy (3).  Therefore, with improved understanding of the intricate interactions between cytotoxic and helper CD4+ lymphocytes with tumors and antigen presenting cells, interest is currently focused on MHC class II dependent immune activation mechanisms.  MHC class II restricted neoantigens have now the potential to be promising targets of cancer immunotherapies. [![Learn More About Class II Tetramers](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/424171/14c2cf39-769e-46ae-95e1-50a384af0d59.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/424171/14c2cf39-769e-46ae-95e1-50a384af0d59)   **References** (1)Alspach, E. et al. MHC-II neoantigens shape tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. *Nature* **574**: 696–701 (2019). (2) Śledzińska, A. et al. Regulatory T Cells Restrain Interleukin-2- and Blimp-1-Dependent Acquisition of Cytotoxic Function by CD4+ T Cells. *Immunity*. **52**(1):151-166 (2020). (3) Hashimoto K. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals expansion of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in supercentenarians. *Proc Natl Acad Sci USA*. **116**(48):24242-24251 (2019).     Tags: [Tetramer](https://blog.mblintl.com/topic/tetramer), [Cancer](https://blog.mblintl.com/topic/cancer) --- [Back to Blog](https://blog.mblintl.com) --- ### Comments Or Suggestions ## Related Articles ### Sign up for our latest news and promotions. 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