Stop Crying in the Lab: How Cry Antibodies Can Help Your Research

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Published by Deane Buckley on Jun 16, 2021 8:45:47 AM

Schematic Representation of Role of CRY Proteins in Creating Circadian Rhythm

Figure: Schematic representation of feedback loop involving CLOCK-BMAL1 complex and CRY and PER proteins involved in creating circadian rhythms.

Tiredness and frustration often mount after long nights in the lab. Why can’t our bodies adjust and allow us to maintain our energy through the night? The answer lies in our circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the daily cycle of biological processes such as wakefulness and metabolism¹. Many proteins are involved in regulating our circadian rhythms including CRY proteins. This blog post will catch you up on these proteins and their vital role in regulating circadian rhythms.

CRY stands for cryptochrome. Cryptochrome proteins are a type of photoreceptor that can transform light into electrical signals in the brain in a process known as phototransduction².
There are two major CRY proteins involved in regulation of circadian rhythms: CRY1 and CRY2³. CRY proteins interact with two major proteins involved in circadian rhythm regulation: CLOCK and BMAL1⁴.
A CLOCK protein binds to a BMAL1 protein to form a complex that activates the transcription of proteins involved in regulating metabolism and other biological processes⁴.
The CLOCK-BMAL1 complex also transcribes CRY proteins and PER proteins⁵.
A CRY protein forms a complex with a PER protein that inhibits the action of the CLOCK and BMAL1 dimer. Thus, the CLOCK-BMAL1 is inhibited from transcribing its downstream proteins.
The inhibition of CLOCK and BMAL1 also inhibits the transcription of the CRY and PER proteins⁵.
The rising and falling levels of these proteins creates a feedback loop of the levels of proteins that are involved in metabolism, wakefulness and other biological processes. Consequently, circadian rhythms are created⁵.
In an experiment done by knocking out the CRY genes in mice, it was found that the two proteins are involved in setting the time it takes for a circadian rhythm to elapse. Mice that had the CRY1 gene knocked out had circadian rhythms that were an hour shorter than normal⁶

MBL International offers a CRY1 antibody, a CRY2 antibody and other products to further your research. With these CRY antibodies there will be no more crying in the lab over frustration with your circadian rhythm research!

Citations

1. Hastings M, O'neill JS, Maywood ES. Circadian clocks: regulators of endocrine and metabolic rhythms. J Endocrinol. 2007;195(2):187-98.

2. Chaves I, Pokorny R, Byrdin M, et al. The cryptochromes: blue light photoreceptors in plants and animals. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2011;62:335-64.

3. Gao P, Yoo SH, Lee KJ, et al. Phosphorylation of the cryptochrome 1 C-terminal tail regulates circadian period length. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(49):35277-86.

4. Kondratov RV, Chernov MV, Kondratova AA, Gorbacheva VY, Gudkov AV, Antoch MP. BMAL1-dependent circadian oscillation of nuclear CLOCK: posttranslational events induced by dimerization of transcriptional activators of the mammalian clock system. Genes Dev. 2003;17(15):1921-32.

5. Lowrey PL, Takahashi JS. Genetics of circadian rhythms in Mammalian model organisms. Adv Genet. 2011;74:175-230.

6. Vitaterna MH, Selby CP, Todo T, et al. Differential regulation of mammalian period genes and circadian rhythmicity by cryptochromes 1 and 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96(21):12114-9.

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